倒装类考点是近几年高考英语的一个重要考点，同时也是一个命题很有规律的考点，因为综观近几年的高考英语倒装试题，它只涉及三种类型——掌握它，你就可以“通杀”它！ 考点一 考查否定型倒装 这里说的否定型倒装，其实就是指将含有否定意义的词语置于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。我们先看看高考是怎样考的（答案分别为CDC）： 1. Never before ______ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. (2012江西卷) A. had she B. she had C. has she D. she has 2. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ______ having a holiday abroad. (2012辽宁卷) A. he had considered B. had he considered C. he considered D. did he consider 3. This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently. (2012四川卷) A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is 【考点归纳】可置于句首的否定词比较多，但有趣的是，高考不会面面俱到，其中重点设题的主要有以下几类： 1. 将否定词hardly置于句首 Hardly had she spoken than she regretted it bitterly. 话刚出口，她就后悔不迭。 Hardly had they reached Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London . 他们刚到爱丁堡，就接到了返回伦敦的命令。 2. 将否定词seldom置于句首 Seldom have I read an article that was so full of lies. 我很少读到充斥这么多谎言的文章。 Seldom do we hear such fine singing from school choirs. 我们很少能听到学校的合唱团有如此好的歌唱了。 3. 将否定词neither置于句首 I can’t ever recall Dad hugging me. Neither did I sit on his knee. 我不记得爸爸曾经抱过我，我也没在他膝盖上坐过。 The authorities were not sympathetic to the students’ demands, neither would they tolerate any disruption. 当局既不支持学生们的要求，也不会容忍任何混乱发生。 4. 将否定词never置于句首 Never before had he seen so many people starving. 以前他从未见过这么多人挨饿。 Never in my wildest dreams had I thought I would go to Hollywood. 我做梦也没想到自己会去好莱坞。 5. 将否定词nor置于句首 I don’t expect children to be rude, nor do I expect to be disobeyed. 我不希望孩子们没有礼貌，也不希望他们不听话。 He doesn’t want to live in the country when he grows up, nor does he want to live in the city. 他长大后不想住在乡下，也不想住在城里。 6. 将否定词little置于句首 Little did they know they were to be reunited ten years later. 他们简直想不到10年后竟又能团聚。 Little did I think that we were talking together for the last time. 我没有想到我们这次谈话竞成诀别。 Little does he know, but we’re flying to Geneva next weekend to celebrate his birthday. 他还不知道呢，下周末我们要飞往日内瓦去给他庆祝生日。
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7. 将否定词nowhere置于句首 Nowhere is drug abuse more of a problem than in the US. 没有什么地方吸毒问题比美国更严重。 Nowhere does the article mention the names of the people involved. 这篇文章并没有提及相关人员的名字。 8. 将否定词no sooner置于句首 No sooner had I got into the house than the phone rang. 我刚进屋，电话铃就响了。 No sooner had I started mowing the lawn than it started raining. 我刚开始修剪草坪就开始下雨了。 9. 将否定词not until置于句首 Not until he received her letter did he fully understand the depth of her feelings. 他直到收到她的信之后才充分理解她的感情有多深。 Not until I left home did I begin to understand how strange my family was. 只有在我离开家以后，我才开始理解我的家庭有多么奇怪。 二、only型倒装 所谓only型倒装，指的是当“only+状语”位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。我们先看看高考是怎样考的（答案分别为AC）： 1. Only after Mary read her composition the second time ______ the spelling mistake. (2012天津卷) A. did she notice B. she noticed C. does she notice D. she has noticed 2. Only with the greatest of luck ______ to escape from the rising flood waters. (2012上海卷) A. managed she B. she managed C. did she manage D. she did manage 【考点归纳】“only+状语”位于句首时引出的倒装主要有以下三类： 1. only+副词 Only later did we realize the true significance of his remark. 我们直到后来才明白他的话的真正含义。 The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心，这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。 2. only+介词短语 Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. 他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。 Only after her death was I able to appreciate her. 只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。 3. only+状语从句 Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。 Only if these conditions are fulfilled can the application proceed to the next stage. 只有满足这些条件，这个应用程序才可以进行到下一步。 另外补充一点，除上面提到的“only+状语”外，not only…置于句首时，其后也要用倒装句式（部分倒装）。如： Not only did he turn up late, he also forgot his books. 他不仅迟到了，而且还忘了带书。 Not only did I speak to her, I even got her autograph! 我不仅同她说了话，甚至还得到了她的签名。
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三、so do I 型倒装 so do I 是同学们比较熟悉的一个结构，其实它有很多变体，如so am I, so can I, so did I, so does he, so did she 等等。此类倒装的用法是：当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“so+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。我们先看看高考是怎样考的（答案为C）： —I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather. —______. I can’t stand all this rain. (2012山东卷) A. I don’t care B. It’s hard to say C. So am I D. I hope so 【考点归纳】so do I 类倒装主要有以下两类： 1. 肯定式用so do I As the demand rises, so do prices. 随着需求的增加，其价格也会上升。 Her actions and thoughts became distorted. So did her behavior. 她的行动和思想变得扭曲了，她的态度也是。 2. 否定式用neither / nor do I “I don’t even understand the question.” “Neither do I.” “我甚至连问题都没有听懂。”“我也一样。” Britain does not agree and neither do Denmark, Portugal and Ireland. 英国不同意，丹麦、葡萄牙和爱尔兰也持反对意见。 ■边学边练 01. Hardly _______ training than they were sent into battle. A. the men were started B. were the men started C. the men had started D. had the men started 02. Hardly _______ to speak, when there was a shout from the back of the hall. A. had she begun B. she had begun C. was she begun D. she was begun 03. Seldom _______ any apology when mistakes are made. A. we receive B. do we receive C. we received D. did we receive 04. —I don’t think he is clever. —Neither he is, and neither _______. A. his brother is B. is his brother C. his brother does C. does his brother 05. Never _______ such an effort to save whales from extinction. A. has there been B. there has been C. has it been D. it has been 06. Never in her life _______ so alone, so abandoned. A. she had felt B. had she felt C. she was felt D. was she felt 07. Not until much later _______ who her real father was. A. she learned B. did she learn C. she learn D. does she learn 08. Not until that evening _______ to recover her self-control. A. was she able B. she was able C. is she able D. she is able 09. No sooner _______ than it began to rain. A. were the picnic baskets unpacked B. the picnic baskets were unpacked C. had the picnic baskets unpacked B. the picnic baskets had unpacked 10. No sooner _______ to marry him than she started to have terrible doubts. A. did she agree B. she agreed C. had she agreed D. she had agreed
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11. _______ when the vehicle was lifted did the full horror of the accident become clear. A. Only B. Even C. Just D. Yet 12. Only when we have weighed all the factors involved _______ when would be the best time to start. A. need we decide B. we need decide C. can we decide D. we can decide 13. Not only _______ our money, but we were nearly killed. A. were we lost B. we were lost C. we lost D. did we lose 14. Not only_______ late three times, but she has also done no work. A. she has been B. has she been C. she was D. was she 15. Not only _______ a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. A. the nurses wanted B. did the nurses want C. the nurses want D. do the nurses want 16. Ann thinks there’s something wrong with Bill, and _______. A. so do I B. so I do C. so am I D. so I am 17. The service was terrible and _______. A. so was the food B. so the food was C. the food was so D. the food so was 18. They couldn’t understand it at the time, and _______. A. nor we could B. nor could we C. nor we had B. nor had we 19. Tom didn’t believe a word she said, and neither _______. A. did the police B. the police did C. were the police D. the police were 20. Only if the red light comes on _______ any danger to employees. A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is 【参考答案】 01—05 DABBA 06—10 BBAAC 11—15 ACDBD 16—20 AABAA 注：本文发表于《第二课堂》2013年第4期。
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