He is always the first one to come.（be the first/second/last…to do）
同位关系：
We all have a chance to go to college.（说明所修饰名词的内容）
被动关系中，不定式动词如果不及物，其后应该加介词；若名词为time/place/way，则可以省略介词。可以转化为“介词+ which/whom+ to do”的结构
Eg. The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
= The Browns have a comfortable house in which to live
6
不定式作状语
不定式作状语的情况比较复杂，但是同学们不要紧张，总结来说只有四种状态：目的、结果、原因、评注。
作目的状语：往往用在go/come/hurry等不及物动词后，常见的短语有in order to do/ so as to do.
Eg. In order to keep healthy, he often paly sports.
作结果状语：常用的结构有
Only to do/never to do
So/sunch…as to do sth.如此……以至于做某事
Enough to do sth.
Too…to do sth.
Eg.We have so plenty of food as to treat our guests.
I was too stupid to answer this question.
作原因状语：
放在系表结构后表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。常见的结构有be glad/sad/happy/sorry/surprised/disappointed/shocked to do sth.
Eg. They are very sad to hear the bad news.
作评注性状语：用来说明说话者的观点、态度，可以修饰整个句子
Eg. To put it another way, she was sweet-tempered.换句话说，她性情温和。
常见的评注性状语有：
to tell you the truth说实话，to be honest诚实地说
to be frank坦诚地说，to sum up总之
to begin with首先，to start with首先
to put it briefly简而言之，to be sure/certain的确，当然
to make matters/things worse更糟糕的是
to put it another way换句话说
to make a long story short长话短说
非谓语真题练习 【2021年】
八省联考
1.Like many other students, you may have various people,56 (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college.
浙江卷
1. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
2.This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including lower (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【2020年】
全国卷I
1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang'e-4 66 (find) and study areas of theSouth Pole-Aitken basin.
2. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
3. My mom told me how to preparing it.
全国卷 Ⅱ
1. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
2. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes andmessages of good fortune.
3. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.
全国卷 III
1. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.
2. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.
山东卷
1. As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time inhistory or 43 (walk) through a rainforest.
浙江卷
1. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 (change)lives.
2. Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and, in dry areas， 63 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
江苏卷
1. Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
A. combined with B. combining with
C. having combined with D. to be combined with
▲2019 年
全国卷 I
1. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. 2. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are. 3. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
全国卷 II
1. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week.2. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business.3. When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
全国卷 III
1. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there.2. On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 3. Now my dream is to opens a pen cafe. 4. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
浙江卷
1. But some students didn't want 63 (wear) the uniform. ▲2018 年
全国卷 I
1.You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. 2. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
全国卷 II
1. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. 2. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide", says the bank's Juergen Voegele.4. As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.
全国卷 III
1. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).2. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch. 3. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
浙江卷
1. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time. ▲2017 年
全国卷 I
1. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 2. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
全国卷 II
1. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 2. When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
全国卷 III
1. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). 2. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
浙江卷
1. Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal.2. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.▲2016 年
全国卷 I
1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
全国卷 II
1. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. 2. We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.
全国卷 III
1. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs. 2. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. 3. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.▲2015 年
全国卷 I
1. A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 2. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick gateways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
全国卷 II
1. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without 64 (use) electric equipment. 2. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night. 3. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.
答案 ▲2021年八省联考
1.including
句意为“像许多其他学生一样，可能会有各种各样的人，包括你的家人 和朋友，为你上哪所大学提供意见”。空白处应填介词 including 。
浙江卷1.studied 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，该句谓语动词为had，故此空考查study的非谓语动词形式，此处作countries的后置定语；而countries与study之间为被动关系，且“研究”是已经完成了的动作，故填studied。 2. living考查非谓语动词。此空考查live的非谓语动词形式，此处作people的后置定语；而people与live之间为主动关系，故填living。 ▲2020 年全国卷 I1.to find考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。 2. frying改为fried 考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。 3. preparing改为prepare考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。 全国卷 II1. coming考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与comeback to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。 2. decorated考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。 3. to care考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填tocare。 全国卷 III1.to find考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。 2. surrounding考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。 山东卷1.walking考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。 浙江卷1. to change 考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。 2.making考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。 江苏卷1.A 考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”，本句中省略be动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选A。 ▲2019 年全国卷 I1.to perform 该句为 “be + 形容词 + 不定式” 结构，主语 methods 与谓语动词 perform 为被动关系，但需用不定式的主动式作状语。 2. noting 介词后用 note 的动词 -ing 形式 noting 作宾语。 3.say → saying 全国卷 II1. being 介词后用动词 -ing 形式作宾语。 2. to retire 名词 plan 后接不定式作后置定语。 3. saying 名词 call 与 say 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。 全国卷 III1. to get 分析句子结构可知，it takes + 时间 + to do sth 中，it 作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。 2. listening 主语 we 与 listen 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。 3.opens → open 4.manage → managing 浙江卷1. to wear want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。 ▲2018 年 全国卷 I1. to see 根据句意 “要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”, to see 作目的状语。 2. dying 介词后用 die 的动名词形式 dying。 3.sell → selling 全国卷 II1. to improve 根据语境 “改善水质” 是 “政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。 2. feeding when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。 3.watching → watch 全国卷 III1. (64) looking avoid 后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth 意为 “避免做某事”。 (65).challenged 主语 he 与 challenge（对……挑战）之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。 2. to stayallow sb to do sth是固定结构，意为 “允许某人做某事”，因此应填 to stay。 3.wait → waiting 浙江卷1. visiting remember doing sth 意为 “记得做过某事”。 ▲2017 年全国卷 I1. to process 根据语境“需要它们（脂肪和盐）来处理食物” 和关键词required 可知，此处应填 to process。 2. eating “by+动名词”作方式状语。此处意为 “吃大量的快餐，人们将摄入超过他们饮食所需的盐和油脂”。 全国卷 II1. laying 63 (lay) the track 和上文的 digging up the road 及下文的 building a strong roof ... 是并列结构，因此用 laying。 2.pick → to pick 全国卷 III1. resting spend+ 一段时间 + doing sth 是固定结构, 故填 resting。 2. to prove want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。 浙江卷1. to cook 由语境“Pahlsson 摘掉戒指去做饭”可知，不定式短语作状语，表目的。 2. swept 句子主语 ring 与 sweep 之间为被动关系， 因此用过去分词形式。 ▲2016 年 全国卷 I1.(66) permitted 被修饰的名词和 permit 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。(67) introducing include后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语，故填 introducing。 全国卷 II1. to bring be likely to do sth 是固定结构，意为“可能做某事”，故填 to bring。 2.take → taking 全国卷 III1. to create 根据句意可知，这里用不定式表目的，故填 to create。 2. using 根据语境可知，use的逻辑主语是 people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填 using。 3.wear → wearing ▲2015 年全国卷 I1. conducted 主语 a study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。 2. living 被修饰的名词与 live 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。 全国卷 II1.(61)built 名词 dwellings 与 build 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。(64) using 介词后用动名词形式，故填 using。 2. to cool 该句为“be + adj + enough +to do sth” 结构, 故填 to cool。 3.looks → looking
